General

The Solution is shared considering CAN I SHARE MY SOLUTIONS? Problem Another common encoding scheme is Base64, which allows us to represent binary data as an ASCII string using 64 characters. One character of a Base64 string encodes 6 bits, and so 4 characters of Base64 encode three 8-bit bytes. Base64 is most commonly used online, so binary data such as images can be easily included into HTML or CSS files....

The Solution is shared considering CAN I SHARE MY SOLUTIONS? Problem Cryptosystems like RSA works on numbers, but messages are made up of characters. How should we convert our messages into numbers so that mathematical operations can be applied? The most common way is to take the ordinal bytes of the message, convert them into hexadecimal, and concatenate. This can be interpreted as a base-16 number, and also represented in base-10....

The Solution is shared considering CAN I SHARE MY SOLUTIONS? Problem When we encrypt something the resulting ciphertext commonly has bytes which are not printable ASCII characters. If we want to share our encrypted data, it’s common to encode it into something more user-friendly and portable across different systems. Included below is a flag encoded as a hex string. Decode this back into bytes to get the flag. 63727970746f7b596f755f77696c6c5f62655f776f726b696e675f776974685f6865785f737472696e67735f615f6c6f747d...

The Solution is shared considering CAN I SHARE MY SOLUTIONS? Problem XOR is a bitwise operator which returns 0 if the bits are the same, and 1 otherwise. In textbooks the XOR operator is denoted by ⊕, but in most challenges and programming languages you will see the caret ^ used instead. A B Output 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 For longer binary numbers we XOR bit by bit: 0110 ^ 1010 = 1100....

The Solution is shared considering CAN I SHARE MY SOLUTIONS? Problem ASCII is a 7-bit encoding standard which allows the representation of text using the integers 0-127. Using the below integer array, convert the numbers to their corresponding ASCII characters to obtain a flag. [99, 114, 121, 112, 116, 111, 123, 65, 83, 67, 73, 73, 95, 112, 114, 49, 110, 116, 52, 98, 108, 51, 125] Solution Python:...